The Natural Resources Conservation Board Act (NRCBA) requires the NRCB to determine whether projects that require an environmental impact assessment (EIA) under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act are in the public interest. Projects that are reviewable under the NRCBA and its regulations are mining, forestry, water management, and recreation. Proposals may also be referred to the Board by Order in Council.

The NRCB contributes to developing the terms of reference for the EIA. The EIA forms a significant part of the formal application to the Board.